Gênese da saúde global: a Fundação Rockefeller no Caribe e na América Latina / Genesis of global health: the Rockefeller Foundation in the Caribbean and Latin America

O nascimento da chamada Saúde Global e as relações criadas entre agentes globais e locais de saúde pública em regiões como a América Latina e o Caribe são abordados de forma totalmente inovadora. O autor, pesquisador pioneiro no estudo da América Latina como laboratório médico, partiu dos arquivos médicos nacionais da Costa Rica para investigar como foi a atuação da Fundação Rockefeller, organização de saúde internacional, em pequenos países da América Central e no Caribe, no início do século XX. A edição do livro em português tem novidades como informações sobre a atuação da Fundação Rockefeller no Brasil e um novo capítulo sobre o tratamento com óleo de quenopódio, o que causou muitas mortes, principalmente entre crianças, e as questões éticas decorrentes dessa decisão...

Patologías de la patria: enfermedades, enfermos y nación en América Latina / Motherland pathologies: diseases, ill peoples and nation in Latin America

Contenido: Patologías de la patria. Inmunidades imaginadas en la era de las revoluciones. Clima, enfermedad y raza en la medicina colombiana del siglo XIX. Gallegos y vascos en la forja de la "raza argentina" entre fines del siglo XIX y comienzos del XX. La expedición científica de los médicos Arthur Neiva y Belisário Penna a los sertones de Brasil. Enfermedades, etnias y nación (Argentina,1880-1940). Debates sanitarios y proyectos de desarrollo en el Perú en la primera mitad del siglo XX. La enfermedad de Chagas como "problema nacional" en la Argentina. Paisaje, raza, nación: naturaleza y eugenesia en California. Juscelino Kubitschek y la búsqueda de una nueva representación para el país. Limpieza de Nación: cólera e incorporación etnomédica en Costa Rica en la década de 1990.

Launching global health: the Caribbean odyssey of the Rockefeller Foundation / Conversations in medicine and society

First book to explore the inaugural Rockefeller Foundation campaigns in depth and to treat them as an ensemble—as a laboratory for discovering and testing the elements of a global health system for the twentieth century. Orienting the study according to the priorities and perspectives of the social and cultural history of medicine and marrying the results with social science and institutional approaches, the author rediscovers elements and dynamics in the original history of global health that were either discarded or that have continued to operate beneath the radar of scholarship. In particular, the author examines the extraordinary encounters that took place between the Rockefeller proselytizers of biomedicine and public health and the diverse populations whom they were attempting to help. Launching Global Health devotes special attention to the health narratives and practices of laboring people of different ethnicities and how they clashed and blended with the stories and rituals being promoted by the Rockefeller Foundation, ultimately showing the locally assembled health teams of microscopists, inspectors, and dispensers to have been active agents in the shaping of encounters between imperial and popular medicine.

Smallpox eradication and Brazil: an interview with Donald A. Henderson / A erradicação da varíola e o Brasil: uma entrevista com Donald A. Henderson

Interview with Donald A. Henderson, the U.S. physician and epidemiologist who headed the World Health Organization's Smallpox Eradication Program from 1966 to 1977. The interviewer talks about the endemic nature of smallpox in Brazil; relations between WHO, the Pan American Health Organization, and the Brazilian government; the role of Connaught Laboratories in the quality of the Brazilian smallpox vaccine; the process that brought certification of smallpox eradication in Brazil; international cooperation in eradicating smallpox and the various strategies applied; the role played by Brazilians in eradicating smallpox in India, Bangladesh, and Africa; and the future of the notion of disease eradication.

Smallpox eradication, laboratory visits, and a touch of tourism: travel notes of a Canadian scientist in Brazil / Erradicando a varíola, visitando laboratórios e um pouco de turismo: notas de viagem de um cientista canadense ao Brasil

The paper presents and discusses the travel notes diary of Canadian scientist Robert J. Wilson when he visited Brazil in April 1967 during the Smallpox Eradication Programme run by the World Health Organisation. Wilson's report makes it possible to reflect on the smallpox eradication campaign in Brazil; on the Canada-Brazil cooperation to improve the quality of the smallpox vaccine; on his assessment by of scientists and Brazilian laboratories; on the effects of intersections between scientific activity and social and cultural activities; on the role played by specialist communities of experts role in international scientific cooperation projects; and on a Canadian traveller's concepts and prejudices about Brazil at the end of the 1960s.

"Cansancio" y Nación: el combate precoz de los salubristas costarricenses contra la anquilostomiasis / Hookworm disease and the Nation: Costa Rica's precocious public health campaigns

El artículo analiza la investigación médica y los programas de salud pública sobre la anquilostomiasis en Costa Rica a finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX. Entre 1908 y 1914, los especialistas costarricenses dedicados al estudio de la anquilostomiasis propusieron que la enfermedad, conocida popularmente como "cansancio", era un problema generalizado en toda la población rural y no particular de algún grupo racial o regional. Esto les permitió dar a su programa autóctono de anquilostomiasis una extensión nacional e introducir en todos los sectores populares ideas sobre bacteriología e higiene. La experiencia costarricense se anticipó al mejor conocido programa global de la Fundación Rockefeller para la erradicación de la anquilostomiasis y condujo a reorientar a la misión Rockefeller establecida en Costa Rica en 1914 a trabajar una agenda de salud pública más amplia en los programas de higiene escolar.

The article discusses medical research and public health programs on hookworm disease in Costa Rica in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Between 1908 and 1914 Costa Rican hookworm specialists proposed that hookworm disease ("cansancio" in popular parlance) was a generalized problem throughout the rural sectors, and not particular to any region or racial group. This allowed them to give their authochthonous hookworm campaign a national scope and to introduce the rural popular sectors to notions of bacteriology and hygiene. The Costa Rican experience with hookworm disease pre-dated the Rockefeller Foundation's better known global hookworm eradication program, and led to the reorientation of the Rockefeller mission when it set up in Costa Rica in 1914 to a broader public health agenda built around programs of school hygiene.

O Demônio que se transformou em vermes: a tradução da saúde pública no Caribe Britânico, 1914-1920

Os primeiros programas da International Health Commission - IHC - da Fundação Rockefeller eram projetos-piloto para o tratamento da ancilostomíase nas colônias britânicas do Caribe: Guiana e Trinidad e Tobago. Esses programas pioneiros na saúde pública internacional foram com freqüência descritos como guiados por rígidos princípios biomédicos. Sem contestar o fato de que pretendiam tornar inteligível a biomedicina no âmbito de sistemas médicos de populações vassalas, este artigo observa em que medida as exigências de tais programas de saúde pública se combinavam com os conhecimentos dos quadros locais da IHC, de origem indo-caribenha, de modo a gerar experiências fascinantes em tradução etno-médica. Um texto em particular, "The Demon that Turned Into Worms" [O demônio que se transformou em vermes], tem a intenção de mostrar como essas tentativas de tradução podem ter legitimado e promovido o pluralismo médico.

The earliest programs of the Rockefeller FoundationÆs International Health Commission - IHC were pilot projects for the treatment of hookworm disease in the British colonies of British Guiana and Trinidad. These pioneering ventures into international health have often been portrayed as governed by rigid biomedical principles. In contrast to this view, the article emphasizes the degree to which the exigencies of a public health project that sought to make biomedicine intelligible within the medical systems of subject populations combined with the knowledge of local IHC staff members of Indo-Caribbean descent to generate some fascinating experiments in ethno-medical translation. One text in particular, "The Demon that Turned into Worms" is focused on to show how these efforts at medical translation may have legitimized and promoted medical pluralism.

Saúde imperial e educação popular: a Fundação Rockefeller na Costa Rica em uma perspectiva centro-americana, 1914-1921 / Imperial health and public education: the Rockefeller Foundation in Costa Rica from a central-american perspective, 1914-1921

Discute os cinco programas contra a ancilostomíase empreendidos pela Fundação Rockefeller na América Central a partir de 1914. Explora a medida em que indivíduos, grupos intelectuais e instituições costarriquenhos foram capazes de transformar os esforços da Fundação em um veículo para consolidação de um projeto de saúde pública já existente, de feitura local, e oferece uma comparação inicial com a experiência dos demais países centro-americanos.

La voluntad radiante del Profesor Carbell: medicina popular y populismo médico en Costa Rica en el decenio de 1930 / Professor Carbell: traditional medicine and medical populism in Costa Rica in the 30's

Reconstruye las andanzas de un curandero que en la década del treinta del siglo XX en Costa Rica combinaba espiritismo, mesianismo político, el uso de la prensa moderna y de peculiares dotes masculinas que atraían especialmente a mujeres de clase media.